ʿAbd al-Jabbar, Abu al-Hasan. 1958. Al-Mughni fi abwab al-tawhid wa al-ʿadl. Edited by Taha Hossein and Mahmood al-Khadhiri. Al-Muʾassasa al-Misriyyia.
Abrahamov, Binyamin. 1995. “The Bi-La Kayfa Doctrine and Its Foundations in Islamic Theology.” Arabica 42 (3): 365-79.
Adamson, Peter. 2003. “Al-Kindī and the Muʿtazila: Divine Attributes, Creation and Freedom.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy13 (1): 45-77.
Ali, Jawad. 1970. Al-Mufassal fi tarikh al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dar al-ʿIlm.
Aristotle. 1962. The Categories, On Interpretation, Prior Analytics. Edited by Harold Cook et al. London: The Loeb Classical library.
Ashʿari, Abu l-Hasan al-. 1979. Maqalat al-Islamiyyin. Edited by H. Ritter. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.
Azraqi, Muhammad al-. 1389/1969. Akhbar Makka. Edited by Roshdi Saleh. Beirut.
Baqillani, Abu Bakr al-. 1947. Al-Tamhid. Edited by Mahmod Muhammad al-Khadiri. Dar al-Fikr al-ʿArabiyya.
Beaumont, Mark. 2000. “The Holy Spirit in Early Christian Dialogue with Muslims.” In The Character of Christian-Muslim Encounter: Essays in Honor of David Thomas, edited by Douglas Pratt et. al., 42-59. Leiden: Brill.
Bosworth, C. E. 1984. “Takrit” In Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI2). Leiden: Brill.
Brentano, Franz. 1975. On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle. Edited and translated by Rolf George. University of California Press.
Brentano, Franz. 1981. “Aristotle’s Theory of Categories: Interpretation and Critique.” In The Theory of Categories. Melbourne International Philosophy Series, vol. 8. Dordrecht: Springer.
Dakkash, Salim, ed. 1996. Abu Raʾitah al-Takriti wa risalatuhu fi al-thaluth al-muqaddas. Beirut: Dar al-Mashriq.
Francoise, Micheau. 2008. “Copts, Melkites, Nestorians and Jacobites.” In The Cambridge History of Eastern Christianity, edited by By Michael Angold. Cambridge University Press.
Gimaret, D. 1984. “Muʿtazila.” Encyclopedia of Islam (EI2). Leiden: Brill.
Gregory of Nyssa. 1892. Dogmatic Treatises. Edited by Philip Schaff. The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, second series. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co.
Griffith, Sidney. 2008. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ibn Hazm, Ali Ibn Ahmad. 1995. Al-Fisal fi al-milal wa al-ahwae wa al-nihal. Edited by Ahmad Shams al-Din. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Keating, Sandra Toenies. 2003. “Habib Ibn Khidma Abu Raʾitah Al-Takriti’s ‘The Refutation of the Melkites concerning the Union [of the Divinity and Humanity in Christ].’” In Christians at the Heart of Islamic Rule, edited by David Thomas, 39-53. Leiden: Brill.
Keating, Sandra Toenies. 2005. “Refuting the Charge of Tahrif: Abu Raʾita (d. ca. 835) and His ‘First Risala on the Holy Trinity.’” In Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal, edited by Sebastian Gunther, 41-57. Leiden: Brill.
Keating, Sandra Toenies. 2006. Defending the ‘People of Truth’ in the Early Islamic Period. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Keating, Sandra Toenies. 2007. “The Use and Translation of Scripture in the Apologetic Writings of Abu Raʾitah al-Takriti.” In The Bible In Arab Christianity, edited by David Thomas, 257-74. Leiden: Brill.
Newman, N. A. 1993. The Early Christian-Muslim Dialogue: A Collection of Documents from the First Islamic Centuries (632-900 A.D). Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute.
Oaks, Edward. 2011. “Jesus Christ.” In The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism, edited by James Buckley. Blackwell.
Osman, Ghada. 2005. “Pre-Islamic Converts to Christianity in Mecca and Medina: An Investigation to the Arabic Converts.” The Muslim World 95: 67-80.
Sadowski, Michal. 2016. “The Trinitarian Analogies and Their Contribution to the Transmission of Terminology in Arab Christian Theology.” Parole de l’orient 42: 451-87.
Schaff, Philip. 1895. Basil: Letters and Select Works. Edinburgh.
Schaff, Philip, ed. 2001. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus. Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
Schaff, Philip, ed. 2004. Fathers of the Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, and Clement of Alexandria.Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
Shahid, Irfan. 2006.“Islam and Oriens Christianus: Makka 100-622 AD.” In The Encounter of Eastern Christianity with Early Islam, edited by Emmanouela Grypeou, Mark Swanson, and David Thomas. Leiden: Brill.
Shahrastani, Muhammad al-. 1975. Al-Milal wa al-nihal. Edited by Muhammad Kilani. Beirut: Dar al-Maʿrifa.
The Bible. King James Version.
Thomas, David. 1992. Anti-Christian Polemic in Early Islam: Abu ʿIsa Warraq’s Against the Trinity. Cambridge University Press.
Thomas, David, and Barbara Roggema, eds. 2009. History of Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (600-900). Leiden: Brill.
van Ess, J. 1973. “The Beginnings of Islamic Theology.” In The Cultural Context of Medieval Learning, edited by J. E. Murdoch and E. D. Sylla, 87-111. Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel.
van Ess, J. 2014. “ABU’L-HOḎAYL AL-ʿALLĀF.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, 1/3, 318-222.
Wolfson, H. A. 1976. The Philosophy of the Kalam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.